CellDent

Genetics News (Nature)

• Structural variation in the sequencing era
• Genetic variants of calcium and vitamin D metabolism in kidney stone disease
• Regulation of gene expression by cis-acting long non-coding RNAs
• Comprehensive Analysis of the Expression Profiles of Long Non-Coding RNAs with Associated ceRNA Network Involved in the Colon Cancer Staging and Progression
• Cellular rescue in a zebrafish model of congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A
• Author Correction: PTENα and PTENβ promote carcinogenesis through WDR5 and H3K4 trimethylation
• The podocin V260E mutation predicts steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome in black South African children with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
• The indica nitrate reductase gene OsNR2 allele enhances rice yield potential and nitrogen use efficiency
• CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of Δ5 and Δ6 desaturases impairs Δ8-desaturation and docosahexaenoic acid synthesis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
• RBV: Read balance validator, a tool for prioritising copy number variations in germline conditions
• Functional analysis of SlNCED1 in pistil development and fruit set in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
• Selection footprints reflect genomic changes associated with breeding efforts in 56 cucumber inbred lines
• Human mitochondrial DNA lineages in Iron-Age Fennoscandia suggest incipient admixture and eastern introduction of farming-related maternal ancestry
• Identification of candidate cancer drivers by integrative Epi-DNA and Gene Expression (iEDGE) data analysis
• CPEM: Accurate cancer type classification based on somatic alterations using an ensemble of a random forest and a deep neural network
• Virus-borne mini-CRISPR arrays are involved in interviral conflicts
• Rpd3L and Hda1 histone deacetylases facilitate repair of broken forks by promoting sister chromatid cohesion
• Functional Genomic Complexity Defines Intratumor Heterogeneity and Tumor Aggressiveness in Liver Cancer
• Exploring the limitations of biophysical propensity scales coupled with machine learning for protein sequence analysis
• Evidence of CPV2c introgression into Croatia and novel insights into phylogeny and cell tropism

Advanced Dentistry

Stem Cells News

• Discovery: New biomarker for cancer stem cells
  Medical researchers have discovered a new biomarker in cancer stem cells that govern cancer survival and spread, and it's raising hope that drug discovery to kill cancer stem cells could follow suit.
• Protein could offer therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer
  A protein that drives growth of pancreatic cancer, and which could be a target for new treatments, has been identified.
• Human heart cells are altered by spaceflight, but return to (mostly) normal on Earth
  Heart muscle cells derived from stem cells show remarkable adaptability to their environment during and after spaceflight, according to a new study. The researchers examined cell-level cardiac function and gene expression in human heart cells cultured aboard the International Space Station for 5.5 weeks. Exposure to microgravity altered the expression of thousands of genes, but […]
• Stem cell transplants used to grow fully functional lungs in mice
  Researchers have used transplanted stem cells to grow lungs in mice. Findings could lead to new options for lung transplant patients.
• Learning to stop cancer at its roots
  Leukemia stem cells initiate and sustain leukemia, but researchers have found a way to steer them toward a path of self-destruction.
• Researchers discover how cells know their future and forget their past
  All cells in the body contain the same genetic material. The difference between cells therefore depends solely on which genes are expressed or 'turned on'. Now, researchers have gained new insights into how genes are turned on and off and how the cells ''forget their past'' while developing into a specific cell in the body. […]
• Preemies who develop chronic lung disease had more stem cells at birth
  In the first large-scale clinical study to characterize stem cells from the umbilical cord blood and tissues of premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia -- a severe, chronic lung disease -- researchers found that these babies had more stem cells at birth.
• Transient wave of hematopoietic stem cell production in late fetuses and young adults
  A major challenge in regenerative medicine is producing tailor-made hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for transplantation. For this we need a better understanding of where, when and how HSCs are produced in vivo. Scientists have now discovered a new hematopoietic wave in the bone marrow that fills the gap between embryonic blood production and adult bone […]
• Some skin cancers may start in hair follicles
  Some of the most deadly skin cancers may start in stem cells that lend color to hair, and originate in hair follicles rather than in skin layers.
• Lymphatic system found to play key role in hair regeneration
  To grow new hair, stem cells throughout the skin must work in sync. Researchers have discovered the molecular communication tool, part of the lymphatic system, that the cells use to synchronize their activities.
• Milk from teeth: Dental stem cells can generate milk-producing cells
  Stem cells of the teeth can contribute to the regeneration of non-dental organs, namely mammary glands. According to a new study, dental epithelial stem cells from mice can generate mammary ducts and even milk-producing cells when transplanted into mammary glands. This could be used for post-surgery tissue regeneration in breast cancer patients.
• Anti-arthritis drug also stops tuberculosis bacillus from multiplying in blood stem cells
  Immunologists have shown that a drug used to fight arthritis also stops the process that allows the tuberculosis bacillus to infect and hijack blood stem cells.
• Embryonic development: Earlier origin of neural crest cells
  Neural crest cells have been thought to originate in the ectoderm, the outermost of the three germ layers formed in the earliest stages of embryonic development. But their capacity to form derivatives like bone and tooth-forming cells defies fundamental concepts in developmental and stem cell biology. A research team has found a solution to this […]
• 'Instant liver, just add water'? Not quite, but a better way to grow multiple organs
  Pluripotent stem cells can be used to make experimental models of organ systems, but current techniques often produce models that bear limited resemblance to true organs. Researchers developed an improved method to make a sophisticated three-dimensional organoid model of the liver, pancreas, and bile ducts. The model may help researchers understand how these organs form […]
• A compound effective to chemotherapy-resistant cancer cells identified
  A compound effective in killing chemotherapy-resistant glioblastoma-initiating cells (GICs) has been identified, raising hopes of producing drugs capable of eradicating refractory tumors with low toxicity.
• When added to gene therapy, plant-based compound may enable faster, more effective treatments
  Today's standard process for administering gene therapy is expensive and time-consuming -- a result of the many steps required to deliver the healthy genes into the patients' blood stem cells to correct a genetic problem. Scientists believe they have found a way to sidestep some of the current difficulties, resulting in a more efficient gene […]
• Embryo's early development revealed in a dish
  Bioscientists develop a method to observe patterns of early embryonic development, during which ectodermal cells diverge toward their fates as skin, organs and the nervous system.
• Viagra shows promise for use in bone marrow transplants
  Researchers have demonstrated a new, rapid method to obtain donor stem cells for bone marrow transplants using a combination of Viagra and a second drug called Plerixafor. Bone marrow transplants, used mostly in the treatment of cancer, are life-saving procedures to restore the stem cells that generate new blood cells throughout a person's life.
• First cell map of developing human liver reveals how blood and immune system develops
  In a world first, scientists have created the human developmental liver cell atlas that provides crucial insights into how the blood and immune systems develop in the fetus. It maps changes in the cellular landscape of the developing liver between the first and second trimesters of pregnancy, including how stem cells from the liver seed […]
• Potential liver cancer treatment by targeting cancer stem-like cells
  Researchers have shown the potential use of small molecule inhibitors to treat advanced liver cancer.

advanced bioscience

• Development, environmental degradation, and disease spread in the Brazilian Amazon
  by Marcia C. Castro, Andres Baeza, Cláudia Torres Codeço, Zulma M. Cucunubá, Ana Paula Dal’Asta, Giulio A. De Leo, Andrew P. Dobson, Gabriel Carrasco-Escobar, Raquel Martins Lana, Rachel Lowe, Antonio Miguel Vieira Monteiro, Mercedes Pascual, Mauricio Santos-Vega The Amazon is Brazil’s greatest natural resource and invaluable to the rest of the world as a buffer […]
• Type I interferon limits mast cell–mediated anaphylaxis by controlling secretory granule homeostasis
  by Toshihiko Kobayashi, Shiho Shimabukuro-Demoto, Hidemitsu Tsutsui, Noriko Toyama-Sorimachi Type I interferon (IFN-I) is a family of multifunctional cytokines that modulate the innate and adaptive immunity and are used to treat mastocytosis. Although IFN-I is known to suppress mast cell function, including histamine release, the mechanisms behind its effects on mast cells have been poorly […]
• Neuroimaging-based prediction of mental traits: Road to utopia or Orwell?
  by Simon B. Eickhoff, Robert Langner Predicting individual mental traits and behavioral dispositions from brain imaging data through machine-learning approaches is becoming a rapidly evolving field in neuroscience. Beyond scientific and clinical applications, such approaches also hold the potential to gain substantial influence in fields such as human resource management, education, or criminal law. Although […]
• Transcriptional regulatory divergence underpinning species-specific learned vocalization in songbirds
  by Hongdi Wang, Azusa Sawai, Noriyuki Toji, Rintaro Sugioka, Yukino Shibata, Yuika Suzuki, Yu Ji, Shin Hayase, Satoru Akama, Jun Sese, Kazuhiro Wada Learning of most motor skills is constrained in a species-specific manner. However, the proximate mechanisms underlying species-specific learned behaviors remain poorly understood. Songbirds acquire species-specific songs through learning, which is hypothesized to […]
• The effects of soil phosphorus content on plant microbiota are driven by the plant phosphate starvation response
  by Omri M. Finkel, Isai Salas-González, Gabriel Castrillo, Stijn Spaepen, Theresa F. Law, Paulo José Pereira Lima Teixeira, Corbin D. Jones, Jeffery L. Dangl Phosphate starvation response (PSR) in nonmycorrhizal plants comprises transcriptional reprogramming resulting in severe physiological changes to the roots and shoots and repression of plant immunity. Thus, plant-colonizing microorganisms—the plant microbiota—are exposed […]
• Correction: Song playbacks demonstrate slower evolution of song discrimination in birds from Amazonia than from temperate North America
  by The PLOS Biology Staff
• Building de novo cryo-electron microscopy structures collaboratively with citizen scientists
  by Firas Khatib, Ambroise Desfosses, Foldit Players , Brian Koepnick, Jeff Flatten, Zoran Popović, David Baker, Seth Cooper, Irina Gutsche, Scott Horowitz With the rapid improvement of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) resolution, new computational tools are needed to assist and improve upon atomic model building and refinement options. This communication demonstrates that microscopists can now collaborate […]
• Recurrent functional misinterpretation of RNA-seq data caused by sample-specific gene length bias
  by Shir Mandelboum, Zohar Manber, Orna Elroy-Stein, Ran Elkon Data normalization is a critical step in RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis, aiming to remove systematic effects from the data to ensure that technical biases have minimal impact on the results. Analyzing numerous RNA-seq datasets, we detected a prevalent sample-specific length effect that leads to a strong […]
• Mangroves reduce the vulnerability of coral reef fisheries to habitat degradation
  by Alice Rogers, Peter J. Mumby Despite general and wide-ranging negative effects of coral reef degradation on reef communities, hope might exist for reef-associated predators that use nursery habitats. When reef structural complexity is lost, refuge density declines and prey vulnerability increases. Here, we explore whether the presence of nursery habitats can promote high predator […]
• Surveillance to maintain the sensitivity of genotype-based antibiotic resistance diagnostics
  by Allison L. Hicks, Stephen M. Kissler, Marc Lipsitch, Yonatan H. Grad The sensitivity of genotype-based diagnostics that predict antimicrobial susceptibility is limited by the extent to which they detect genes and alleles that lead to resistance. As novel resistance variants are expected to emerge, such sensitivity is expected to decline unless the new variants […]
• The intragenus and interspecies quorum-sensing autoinducers exert distinct control over <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> biofilm formation and dispersal
  by Andrew A. Bridges, Bonnie L. Bassler Vibrio cholerae possesses multiple quorum-sensing (QS) systems that control virulence and biofilm formation among other traits. At low cell densities, when QS autoinducers are absent, V. cholerae forms biofilms. At high cell densities, when autoinducers have accumulated, biofilm formation is repressed, and dispersal occurs. Here, we focus on […]
• Host-associated microbiomes drive structure and function of marine ecosystems
  by Laetitia G. E. Wilkins, Matthieu Leray, Aaron O’Dea, Benedict Yuen, Raquel Peixoto, Tiago J. Pereira, Holly M. Bik, David A. Coil, J. Emmett Duffy, Edward Allen Herre, Harilaos Lessios, Noelle M. Lucey, Luis C. Mejia, Douglas B. Rasher, Koty Sharp, Emilia M. Sogin, Robert W. Thacker, Rebecca Vega Thurber, William T. Wcislo, Elizabeth G. […]
• Boosting natural history research via metagenomic clean-up of crowdsourced feces
  by Amrita Srivathsan, Niranjan Nagarajan, Rudolf Meier Biodiversity is in crisis due to habitat destruction and climate change. The conservation of many noncharismatic species is hampered by the lack of data. Yet, natural history research—a major source of information on noncharismatic species—is in decline. We here suggest a remedy for many mammal species, i.e., metagenomic […]
• Hypothalamic miR-30 regulates puberty onset via repression of the puberty-suppressing factor, Mkrn3
  by Violeta Heras, Susana Sangiao-Alvarellos, Maria Manfredi-Lozano, María J. Sanchez-Tapia, Francisco Ruiz-Pino, Juan Roa, Maribel Lara-Chica, Rosario Morrugares-Carmona, Nathalie Jouy, Ana P. Abreu, Vincent Prevot, Denise Belsham, Maria J. Vazquez, Marco A. Calzado, Leonor Pinilla, Francisco Gaytan, Ana C. Latronico, Ursula B. Kaiser, Juan M. Castellano, Manuel Tena-Sempere Mkrn3, the maternally imprinted gene encoding the […]
• Correction: ADAMTS5 Is a Critical Regulator of Virus-Specific T Cell Immunity
  by Meagan McMahon, Siying Ye, Leonard Izzard, Daniel Dlugolenski, Ralph A. Tripp, Andrew G. D. Bean, Daniel R. McCulloch, John Stambas
• The role of selection and evolution in changing parturition date in a red deer population
  by Timothée Bonnet, Michael B. Morrissey, Alison Morris, Sean Morris, Tim H. Clutton-Brock, Josephine M. Pemberton, Loeske E. B. Kruuk Changing environmental conditions cause changes in the distributions of phenotypic traits in natural populations. However, determining the mechanisms responsible for these changes—and, in particular, the relative contributions of phenotypic plasticity versus evolutionary responses—is difficult. To […]
• Loss of MYO5B expression deregulates late endosome size which hinders mitotic spindle orientation
  by Changsen Leng, Arend W. Overeem, Fernando Cartón-Garcia, Qinghong Li, Karin Klappe, Jeroen Kuipers, Yingying Cui, Inge S. Zuhorn, Diego Arango, Sven C. D. van IJzendoorn Recycling endosomes regulate plasma membrane recycling. Recently, recycling endosome–associated proteins have been implicated in the positioning and orientation of the mitotic spindle and cytokinesis. Loss of MYO5B, encoding the […]
• CEH-60/PBX regulates vitellogenesis and cuticle permeability through intestinal interaction with UNC-62/MEIS in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>
  by Pieter Van de Walle, Ellen Geens, Geert Baggerman, Francisco José Naranjo-Galindo, Peter Askjaer, Liliane Schoofs, Liesbet Temmerman The onset of sexual maturity involves dramatic changes in physiology and gene expression in many animals. These include abundant yolk protein production in egg-laying species, an energetically costly process under extensive transcriptional control. Here, we used the […]
• Cell generation dynamics underlying naive T-cell homeostasis in adult humans
  by Jeff E. Mold, Pedro Réu, Axel Olin, Samuel Bernard, Jakob Michaëlsson, Sanket Rane, Andrew Yates, Azadeh Khosravi, Mehran Salehpour, Göran Possnert, Petter Brodin, Jonas Frisén Thymic involution and proliferation of naive T cells both contribute to shaping the naive T-cell repertoire as humans age, but a clear understanding of the roles of each throughout […]
• Phase variation of a signal transduction system controls <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> colony morphology, motility, and virulence
  by Elizabeth M. Garrett, Ognjen Sekulovic, Daniela Wetzel, Joshua B. Jones, Adrianne N. Edwards, Germán Vargas-Cuebas, Shonna M. McBride, Rita Tamayo Recent work has revealed that Clostridioides difficile, a major cause of nosocomial diarrheal disease, exhibits phenotypic heterogeneity within a clonal population as a result of phase variation. Many C. difficile strains representing multiple ribotypes […]

Research news

• NIDCR Science News - October 2019
• NIDCR Science News - September 2019
• NIDCR E-Newsletter: Fall 2019
• NIDCR Science News - August 2019
• NIDCR Science News - July 2019
• NIDCR Science News - June 2019
• NIDCR E-Newsletter: Summer 2019
• NIDCR Science News - May 2019
• Science News: Nano-robots clear biofilms | Microbes in our mouths
• NIDCR Science News - April 2019