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• Genetics News (Nature)

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  • Nobel Chemistry Prize Awarded For CRISPR ‘NanoScissors’
  • Breaktrough In Regenerative Dentistry
  • 1,77 million years old tooth yields genetic material from extinct human species
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  • DNA

• regenerative medecine

• Stem Cells News

  • To ward off aging, stem cells must take out the trash
    Researchers find stem cells use a surprising system for discarding misfolded proteins. This unique pathway could be the key to maintaining long-term health and preventing age-related blood and immune disorders.
  • What makes blood stem cells transform? Regulation of RNA splicing may be an answer
    Researchers have determined a novel mechanism linking the metabolism of ribonucleic acids, RNA, to the development of leukemia in myelodysplastic syndrome patients, MDS. They explain what makes hematopoietic stem cells acquire malignant traits in cancer.
  • Study uses base editing to correct mutation that causes rare immune deficiency
    A condition called CD3 delta SCID is caused by a mutation in the CD3D gene, which prevents the production of the CD3 delta protein that is needed for the normal development of T cells from blood stem cells. Researchers showed that a new genome editing technique called base editing can correct the mutation that causes […]
  • Genes that form specific bones in the womb heal them later in life
    Genes long known to control the formation of bones before birth also control bone healing later in life, a new study found.
  • Discovery of an unexpected function of blood immune cells: Their ability to proliferate
    The ability of a cell to divide, to proliferate, is essential for life and gives rise to the formation of complex organisms from a single cell. It also allows the replacement of used cells from a limited number of 'stem' cells, which then proliferate and specialize. In cancer, however, cell proliferation is no longer controlled […]
  • Filling a niche: Neural stem cells help maintain their microenvironment
    Researchers shed light on the neural stem and progenitor cell (NSPC) microenvironment during development. Neurosphere formation from embryonic mouse forebrain NSPCs was significantly increased under low oxygen conditions, and VEGF-A was identified as a factor released by NSPCs to contribute to this effect. This study demonstrates that NSPCs appear to maintain their own niche and […]
  • How to assemble a complete jaw
    The skeleton, tendons, and glands of a functional jaw all derive from the same population of stem cells, which arise from a cell population known as neural crest. To discover how these neural crest-derived cells know to make the right type of cell in the right location, researchers focused on a particular gene, Nr5a2, that […]
  • Researchers discover therapeutic target to aid in glaucoma treatment
    Researchers have identified a new therapeutic target that could lead to more effective treatment of glaucoma.
  • New stem cell model developed for research into a life-threatening malformation of the newborn lung
    Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is one of the deadliest birth defects. To better understand and treat this condition in the future, researchers designed a new cell model in the laboratory and tested a drug therapy on it.
  • Research finds hope in stem cell therapy for perianal fistulas in patients with Crohn's disease
    A dissolvable plug delivered stem cell therapy with few side effects in patients with single tract perianal fistulas, researchers discovered.
  • How to generate new neurons in the brain
    Some areas of the adult brain contain quiescent, or dormant, neural stem cells that can potentially be reactivated to form new neurons. However, the transition from quiescence to proliferation is still poorly understood. A team has discovered the importance of cell metabolism in this process and identified how to wake up these neural stem cells […]
  • Successful cure of HIV infection after stem cell transplantation, study suggests
    Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of severe blood cancers is the only medical intervention that has cured two people living with HIV in the past. An international group of physicians and researchers has now identified another case in which HIV infection has been shown to be cured in the same way. The successful […]
  • Head injuries could be a risk factor for developing brain cancer
    Previous studies have suggested a possible link between head injury and increased rates of brain tumors but evidence has been limited and often inconclusive. A team has now identified a possible mechanism to explain this link, implicating genetic mutations acting in concert with brain tissue inflammation to change the behavior of cells, making them more […]
  • First stem cells from a bat species known to harbor SARS-CoV-2 could shed light on virus survival and molecular adaptability
    Researchers have generated the first induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from bats, gaining valuable insights into the close relationship between bats and viruses.
  • Packaged DNA: New method to promote bone growth
    DNA can help to stimulate bone healing in a localized and targeted manner, for example after a complicated fracture or after severe tissue loss following surgery. Scientists have developed a new process in which they coat implant materials with a gene-activated biomaterial that induces stem cells to produce bone tissue.
  • Will revitalizing old blood slow aging?
    Young blood may be an elixir for older bodies, rejuvenating aging hearts, muscles, and brains. But how can old blood become young again? Stem cell scientists may have found a way.
  • Human brain organoids respond to visual stimuli when transplanted into adult rats
    Researchers show that brain organoids -- clumps of lab-grown neurons -- can integrate with rat brains and respond to visual stimulation like flashing lights.
  • Researcher takes another step toward discovering how a brain molecule could halt MS
    A researcher is one step closer to demonstrating the potential of a brain molecule called fractalkine to halt and even reverse the effects of multiple sclerosis and other neurodegenerative diseases. Researchers injected fractalkine into mice with chemically induced MS. They found the treatment increased the number of new oligodendrocytes -- vital brain and spinal cord […]
  • Study reframes understanding of graft-versus-host disease
    New research challenges the prevailing hypothesis for how donor stem cell grafts cause graft-versus-host disease, or GVHD, and offers an alternative model that could guide development of novel therapies.
  • Nanofiber-hydrogel loaded with stem cells shows success treating severe complication of Crohn's disease
    In a new study using a rat model of Crohn's disease, a biodegradable hydrogel composite loaded with stem cells has shown significant success in treating perianal fistulas (PAF) -- one of the many complications of Crohn's disease.

• advanced bioscience

  • Phenotypic plasticity evolves at multiple biological levels in response to environmental predictability in a long-term experiment with a halotolerant microalga
    by Christelle Leung, Daphné Grulois, Leandro Quadrana, Luis-Miguel Chevin Phenotypic plasticity, the change in the phenotype of a given genotype in response to its environment of development, is a ubiquitous feature of life, enabling organisms to cope with variation in their environment. Theoretical studies predict that, under stationary environmental variation, the level of plasticity should […]
  • Feature-specific reactivations of past information shift current neural encoding thereby mediating serial bias behaviors
    by Huihui Zhang, Huan Luo The regularities of the world render an intricate interplay between past and present. Even across independent trials, current-trial perception can be automatically shifted by preceding trials, namely the “serial bias.” Meanwhile, the neural implementation of the spontaneous shift of present by past that operates on multiple features remains unknown. In […]
  • A male-killing <i>Wolbachia</i> endosymbiont is concealed by another endosymbiont and a nuclear suppressor
    by Kelly M. Richardson, Perran A. Ross, Brandon S. Cooper, William R. Conner, Tom Schmidt, Ary A. Hoffmann Bacteria that live inside the cells of insect hosts (endosymbionts) can alter the reproduction of their hosts, including the killing of male offspring (male killing, MK). MK has only been described in a few insects, but this […]
  • The hair cell analysis toolbox is a precise and fully automated pipeline for whole cochlea hair cell quantification
    by Christopher J. Buswinka, Richard T. Osgood, Rubina G. Simikyan, David B. Rosenberg, Artur A. Indzhykulian Our sense of hearing is mediated by sensory hair cells, precisely arranged and highly specialized cells subdivided into outer hair cells (OHCs) and inner hair cells (IHCs). Light microscopy tools allow for imaging of auditory hair cells along the […]
  • Are bioplastics the solution to the plastic pollution problem?
    by Sandra Pascoe Ortiz We live our lives immersed in plastic pollution: a problem that is becoming more acute. Viable alternatives that can reduce plastic pollution are being sought. Could bioplastics be the hoped-for solution to this problem? Bioplastics have been championed as a potential solution to the problem of plastic waste. This Perspective looks […]
  • A deep hierarchy of predictions enables online meaning extraction in a computational model of human speech comprehension
    by Yaqing Su, Lucy J. MacGregor, Itsaso Olasagasti, Anne-Lise Giraud Understanding speech requires mapping fleeting and often ambiguous soundwaves to meaning. While humans are known to exploit their capacity to contextualize to facilitate this process, how internal knowledge is deployed online remains an open question. Here, we present a model that extracts multiple levels of […]
  • FGF signaling promotes spreading of fat body precursors necessary for adult adipogenesis in <i>Drosophila</i>
    by Yuting Lei, Yuwei Huang, Ke Yang, Xueya Cao, Yuzhao Song, Enrique Martín-Blanco, José Carlos Pastor-Pareja Knowledge of adipogenetic mechanisms is essential to understand and treat conditions affecting organismal metabolism and adipose tissue health. In Drosophila, mature adipose tissue (fat body) exists in larvae and adults. In contrast to the well-known development of the larval […]
  • Retraction: Opposing signaling pathways regulate morphology in response to temperature in the fungal pathogen <i>Histoplasma capsulatum</i>
    by Lauren Rodriguez, Mark Voorhies, Sarah Gilmore, Sinem Beyhan, Anthony Myint, Anita Sil
  • Microbially mediated carbon dioxide removal for sustainable mining
    by Jenine McCutcheon, Ian M. Power The climate crisis and rising demand for critical minerals necessitate the development of novel carbon dioxide removal and ore processing technologies. Microbial processes can be harnessed to recover metals from and store carbon dioxide within mine tailings to transform the mining industry for a greener and more sustainable future. […]
  • TXNIP loss expands Myc-dependent transcriptional programs by increasing Myc genomic binding
    by Tian-Yeh Lim, Blake R. Wilde, Mallory L. Thomas, Kristin E. Murphy, Jeffery M. Vahrenkamp, Megan E. Conway, Katherine E. Varley, Jason Gertz, Donald E. Ayer The c-Myc protooncogene places a demand on glucose uptake to drive glucose-dependent biosynthetic pathways. To meet this demand, c-Myc protein (Myc henceforth) drives the expression of glucose transporters, glycolytic […]
  • TDP-43 and other hnRNPs regulate cryptic exon inclusion of a key ALS/FTD risk gene, <i>UNC13A</i>
    by Yuka Koike, Sarah Pickles, Virginia Estades Ayuso, Karen Jansen-West, Yue A. Qi, Ziyi Li, Lillian M. Daughrity, Mei Yue, Yong-Jie Zhang, Casey N. Cook, Dennis W. Dickson, Michael Ward, Leonard Petrucelli, Mercedes Prudencio A major function of TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) is to repress the inclusion of cryptic exons during RNA splicing. One of […]
  • CMPK2 is a host restriction factor that inhibits infection of multiple coronaviruses in a cell-intrinsic manner
    by Mingjun Zhu, Jiahuang Lv, Wei Wang, Rongli Guo, Chunyan Zhong, Avan Antia, Qiru Zeng, Jizong Li, Qingtao Liu, Jinzhu Zhou, Xuejiao Zhu, Baochao Fan, Siyuan Ding, Bin Li Coronaviruses (CoVs) comprise a group of important human and animal pathogens. Despite extensive research in the past 3 years, the host innate immune defense mechanisms against […]
  • Human microbiome research: Growing pains and future promises
    by Jens Puschhof, Eran Elinav Human microbiome research is evolving from describing associations to understanding the impact of bioactive strains on humans. Despite challenges, progress is being made to apply data-driven microbiome diagnostics and interventions, potentially leading to precision medicine breakthroughs in the next decade. The past 20 years of research has wrought huge changes […]
  • Targeting NAD+ regeneration enhances antibiotic susceptibility of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> during invasive disease
    by Hansol Im, Madison L. Pearson, Eriel Martinez, Kyle H. Cichos, Xiuhong Song, Katherine L. Kruckow, Rachel M. Andrews, Elie S. Ghanem, Carlos J. Orihuela Anaerobic bacteria are responsible for half of all pulmonary infections. One such pathogen is Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn), a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia, bacteremia/sepsis, and meningitis. Using a panel of […]
  • Hypothalamic Menin regulates systemic aging and cognitive decline
    by Lige Leng, Ziqi Yuan, Xiao Su, Zhenlei Chen, Shangchen Yang, Meiqin Chen, Kai Zhuang, Hui Lin, Hao Sun, Huifang Li, Maoqiang Xue, Jun Xu, Jingqi Yan, Zhenyi Chen, Tifei Yuan, Jie Zhang Aging is a systemic process, which is a risk factor for impaired physiological functions, and finally death. The molecular mechanisms driving aging […]
  • Structures of <i>apo</i> Cas12a and its complex with crRNA and DNA reveal the dynamics of ternary complex formation and target DNA cleavage
    by Li Jianwei, Chacko Jobichen, Satoru Machida, Sun Meng, Randy J. Read, Chen Hongying, Shi Jian, Yuren Adam Yuan, J. Sivaraman Cas12a is a programmable nuclease for adaptive immunity against invading nucleic acids in CRISPR–Cas systems. Here, we report the crystal structures of apo Cas12a from Lachnospiraceae bacterium MA2020 (Lb2) and the Lb2Cas12a+crRNA complex, as […]
  • Dancing to a different tune, can we switch from chemical to biological nitrogen fixation for sustainable food security?
    by Min-Yao Jhu, Giles E. D. Oldroyd Our current food production systems are unsustainable, driven in part through the application of chemically fixed nitrogen. We need alternatives to empower farmers to maximise their productivity sustainably. Therefore, we explore the potential for transferring the root nodule symbiosis from legumes to other crops. Studies over the last […]
  • Individuals with problem gambling and obsessive-compulsive disorder learn through distinct reinforcement mechanisms
    by Shinsuke Suzuki, Xiaoliu Zhang, Amir Dezfouli, Leah Braganza, Ben D. Fulcher, Linden Parkes, Leonardo F. Fontenelle, Ben J. Harrison, Carsten Murawski, Murat Yücel, Chao Suo Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and pathological gambling (PG) are accompanied by deficits in behavioural flexibility. In reinforcement learning, this inflexibility can reflect asymmetric learning from outcomes above and below expectations. […]
  • The epithelial polarity genes <i>frazzled</i> and <i>GUK-holder</i> adjust morphogen gradients to coordinate changes in cell position with cell fate specification
    by Yongqiang Xue, Aravindan Krishnan, Juan Sebastian Chahda, Robert Allen Schweickart, Rui Sousa-Neves, Claudia Mieko Mizutani Morphogenetic gradients specify distinct cell populations within tissues. Originally, morphogens were conceived as substances that act on a static field of cells, yet cells usually move during development. Thus, the way cell fates are defined in moving cells remains […]
  • Microstructural and neurochemical plasticity mechanisms interact to enhance human perceptual decision-making
    by Joseph J. Ziminski, Polytimi Frangou, Vasilis M. Karlaftis, Uzay Emir, Zoe Kourtzi Experience and training are known to boost our skills and mold the brain’s organization and function. Yet, structural plasticity and functional neurotransmission are typically studied at different scales (large-scale networks, local circuits), limiting our understanding of the adaptive interactions that support learning […]

• Research news

  • NIDCR Requests Input on Proposed Research Initiatives
  • NIDCR Science News
  • NIDCR Requests Input on Proposed Research Initiatives
  • Tiny "robots" scrub teeth
  • Sound reduces pain | Inflammation curbs chronic pain | Norovirus spreads via saliva
  • ICYMI: Leap into Action for Oral Health Webinar
  • Taste nerve reveals SARS-CoV-2 Entryways
  • REGISTRATION OPEN: Leap into Action for Oral Health – Tue May 10, 3pm ET - NIDCR Online Event
  • SAVE THE DATE: Leap into Action for Oral Health – Tue May 10, 3pm ET - NIDCR Online Event
  • Facial pain comes to light

• Tooth Loss and High Blood Pressure Irish Famine Victims' Smoking: Dental Decay Loss of First Baby Tooth Positive for Most Kids Poor Oral Health Linked to Higher Blood Pressure Periodontal Disease Bacteria: Alzheimer's Role? Smoking Weakens Immune Systems Antibiotics Worsen Oral Infection Stem Cells from Baby Teeth to Regrow Living ... Biomaterial Keeps Tooth Alive After Root Canal Nanoparticle Approach Detects, Treats Oral ..